Privacy policy.

Netguardia is an independent online cybersecurity publication accessible at netguardia.com. We operate without a fixed corporate establishment in any single country; our contributors collaborate from multiple locations to bring independent, vendor-neutral coverage to readers worldwide.

Where applicable privacy law requires identifying a party responsible for personal data, that party is Netguardia, contactable through the channels listed below. We respond to substantive privacy requests promptly — typically within thirty days, longer for complex matters where we'll keep you informed of progress.

We collect personal information only when you choose to provide it, plus a minimum amount of technical information needed to operate the site. The complete inventory is below.

Newsletter subscriptions

If you subscribe to our newsletter, we collect your email address. Subscription is opt-in: by clicking the Subscribe button, you confirm you've read and accepted this Privacy Policy and our Terms of Use. Newsletter delivery is handled by Mailchimp (Intuit Mailchimp, United States) — see Clause 04 for details. You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in any email we send, or by contacting us directly.

Inquiries via the contact page

When you reach out through the get in touch page, we receive whatever information you choose to share — typically your name, email, and the content of your message. This information is used only to respond to your inquiry and is not added to any marketing list.

Analytics

We use Google Analytics 4, accessed through Google Site Kit, to understand how visitors interact with the site — which articles are read, where readers come from, how they navigate. Google Analytics 4 collects identifiers (cookie IDs, device and browser data, approximate geographic location), processes IP addresses transiently for geographic resolution without storing them, and provides us with aggregate reports rather than individual reader profiles. We do not use analytics data for advertising.

You can opt out of Google Analytics on any website using Google's official Analytics Opt-out Browser Add-on, or by blocking analytics cookies through your browser's privacy settings.

Server logs

Our hosting provider maintains standard web server logs containing IP addresses, request paths, timestamps, and user agent strings. These logs exist for security monitoring, abuse prevention, and debugging. They are retained for a short period and are not used to build reader profiles.

This website uses cookies — small text files stored on your device — to operate correctly and to understand site traffic in aggregate. We keep cookie usage to two categories.

Managing cookies

You can control cookies through your browser settings — most browsers let you accept all cookies, reject specific categories, or delete cookies that have already been stored. For a comprehensive overview of cookie management across browsers, All About Cookies is a useful resource.

We rely on a small number of third-party services to operate the site. The current list of processors is below, along with what each one does and where data is processed.

None of these providers are authorized to use your data for purposes beyond what is strictly necessary to deliver the service to us, and none are permitted to sell your data. International data transfers are addressed in Clause 09.

Articles on this site occasionally include content embedded from other websites — videos, social media posts, code snippets, or interactive demos hosted on third-party platforms. Embedded content behaves exactly as if you had visited the source website directly. Those third parties may collect data about you, set their own cookies, embed additional tracking, and monitor your interaction with their content.

We minimize the use of embeds where reasonable alternatives exist (for example, by linking out instead of embedding). Where embeds are used, we recommend reviewing the privacy policy of the source platform before interacting with the embedded content.

Netguardia includes a small number of affiliate placements that help support independent editorial operations. Affiliate placements on this site are clearly and visibly labeled "Affiliate / Advertising" next to the relevant content, every time they appear. There is no hidden affiliate linking elsewhere on the site.

If you click an affiliate link and subsequently make a purchase, the affiliate partner may set tracking cookies on their own website (not on netguardia.com) to attribute the purchase to us, and we may receive a small commission at no additional cost to you. The data those partners collect after you click is governed by their own privacy policies, which we encourage you to review before making purchases through affiliate links.

Our editorial choices are made independently of affiliate relationships. Affiliate revenue does not influence which products we cover or what we say about them; partners do not see articles before publication and have no input into editorial content.

We retain personal data only for as long as necessary for the purposes for which it was collected, plus any additional period required by law.

Depending on where you live, applicable privacy law gives you specific rights over the personal data we hold about you. We extend these rights to all readers as a matter of general policy, regardless of jurisdiction.

How to exercise these rights

To exercise any of these rights, send a request through the get in touch page, indicating which right you wish to invoke and providing enough information for us to verify the request relates to you. Exercising your rights is free of charge. We may decline manifestly unfounded or excessive requests (for example, repeated identical requests within a short period), and in such cases we will explain our reasoning.

Some of the third-party services we use — primarily Google (Analytics, Fonts) and Mailchimp — are operated by companies headquartered in the United States. As a result, your personal data may be transferred to, stored in, or processed in countries outside your own, whose data protection laws may differ from those where you live.

For these transfers, the providers we work with publish their own legal safeguards, typically the European Commission's Standard Contractual Clauses, certification under the EU–US Data Privacy Framework where applicable, or equivalent mechanisms. Their public privacy documentation describes these safeguards in detail.

We may update this Privacy Policy from time to time to reflect changes in our practices, the services we use, applicable law, or in response to feedback. Updates take effect when posted on this page, and the effective date at the top of the document will be revised accordingly.

For material changes — those that meaningfully affect your rights or how your data is handled — we will provide a more visible notice on the site, and where appropriate, notify newsletter subscribers by email. Minor edits, such as clarifications, formatting improvements, or corrections of factual errors, may be made without separate notice.

Your continued use of Netguardia after revised terms are posted constitutes acceptance of those revisions. If you do not agree to a change, you should stop using the website and may exercise your data rights under Clause 08.